https://journals.gulfuniversity.org/index.php/ijmmc/issue/feedInternational Journal of Media and Mass Communication (IJMMC)2025-10-11T14:09:17+00:00International Journal of Media and Mass Communicationijmmc@gulfuniversity.edu.bhOpen Journal Systems<p>المجلة الدولية للإعلام والاتصال الجماهيرى هي دورية علمية متخصصة ومُحكمة، وتصدر بشكل نصف سنوى عن قسم الإعلام والعلاقات العامة بالجامعة الخليجية بمملكة البحرين. تُغطى المجلة المجالات البحثية المتعلقة بتخصص الإعلام والاتصال الجماهيرى ومستحدثاتها، وتهتم بنشر البحوث العلمية على _ اختلاف أنواعها ومنهجياتها_ التى تناقش أحدث القضايا والظواهر بأساليب ومنهجيات مبتكرة.</p> <p>IJMMC is a bi-annual journal published by Gulf University, Kingdom of Bahrain. It is a peer-reviewed, double-blind journal that publishes original research in the fields of media and mass communications, covering a wide area of the fields related to mass communication. Research published in this journal includes empirical, analytical, theoretical well as experimental and case studies on the latest issues in the field. Innovative methodological approaches used in the discovery of knowledge are also welcome for publications in this journal.</p>https://journals.gulfuniversity.org/index.php/ijmmc/article/view/257Digital Activism, Social Media and Policy Advocacy: A Study of #DelhiAirPollution Campaign on Twitter (X) 2025-08-02T16:03:31+00:00ANSHUL CHAUHANchnanshul5@gmail.com<p class="p1">This study examines the intersection of digital activism and policy advocacy, focusing on the #DelhiAirPollution campaign on Twitter (X). Over a six-month period (October 2023 to March 2024), it employs netnographic analysis to explore the themes emerging from the campaign, as well as qualitative analysis of news articles and policy measures discussed during the peak pollution season to assess the influence of digital activism on government responses to air pollution in Delhi. Findings reveal that Twitter (X), as a platform for collective action, has played a crucial role in mobilizing the general public, raising awareness, and influencing short-term air quality measures. However, challenges remain in ensuring long-term policy change. Through the netnographic analysis of campaign tweets and the policy review, the study highlights the impact of digital activism in shaping public discourse, influencing policy decisions, and raising awareness about air pollution in urban environments.</p> <p class="p2"> </p> <p class="p1">Keywords: Digital Media, Digital Activism, Policy Advocacy, Twitter (X), Delhi Air Pollution , Netnographic Analysis</p>2025-10-16T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Media and Mass Communication (IJMMC)https://journals.gulfuniversity.org/index.php/ijmmc/article/view/276أخلاقيات الصحافة بين التشريعات والممارسة العلمية 2025-09-19T17:34:24+00:00elmahdi sulimandelmahdi@gmail.com<p>جاء هذا البحث تحت عنوان أخلاقيات الصحافة بين التشريعات والممارسة العملية وتمثلت مشكلة الدراسة في التساؤل الرئيس ما مدى التزام الصحافة السودانية بأخلاقيات المهنة والتشريعات والقوانين المنظمة لها خلال الممارسة العملية ويهدف البحث إلى التعرف على مدى التزام الصحفيين السودانيين بتطبيق أخلاقيات المهنة وبيان العلاقة بين الالتزام بالأخلاقيات الصحفية والمصداقية الإعلامية اعتمد الباحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي مستخدمًا أداتي تحليل المضمون والمقابلة وقد تكوّن مجتمع البحث من العاملين بالصحف السودانية والقانونيين ومنسوبي مجلس الصحافة والمطبوعات بالإضافة إلى جمهور الصحافة في السودان واستخدمت العينة العشوائية القصدية في اختيار المشاركين وتوصلت نتائج البحث إلى أن أخلاقيات الصحافة السودانية بحاجة إلى تطوير وتعديلات تواكب المستوى المطلوب وهناك فروق واضحة بين الممارسة الفعلية للأخلاقيات الصحفية والمبادئ النظرية المنصوص عليها في شروط المهنة وأوصى البحث بضرورة تحديث القوانين والتشريعات الصحفية وتدريب الصحفيين على الالتزام بالمعايير الأخلاقية والمهنية.</p> <p> </p> <p> الكلمات المفتاحية: أخلاقيات الصحافة- التشريعات- الممارسة العلمية.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p>Abstract</p> <p>This study was conducted under the title “Journalism Ethics between Legislation and Practical Application. The problem of the study was represented by the main question: To what extent does Sudanese journalism adhere to professional ethics and the regulations and laws governing it during practical application?</p> <p>The study aims to identify the extent to which Sudanese journalists implement professional ethics and to examine the relationship between adherence to journalistic ethics and media credibility.</p> <p>The researcher adopted the descriptive-analytical method, using content analysis and interviews as research tools. The study population consisted of employees of Sudanese newspapers, legal professionals, members of the Press and Publications Council, in addition to the Sudanese newspaper audience. A purposive random sampling method was used to select the participants.</p> <p>The findings of the study indicated that Sudanese journalism ethics require development and modifications to meet the desired standards. There are clear gaps between the actual practice of journalistic ethics and the theoretical principles outlined in professional guidelines.</p> <p>The study recommended updating press laws and regulations and training journalists to adhere to ethical and professional standards.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p>Keyword: Journalism Ethics- Legislation- Practical A</p> <p>pplicatio</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>2025-10-16T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Media and Mass Communication (IJMMC)https://journals.gulfuniversity.org/index.php/ijmmc/article/view/271SOCIAL MEDIA ENCULTURATION OF PRANK CONTENTS AND VIEWERS` MENTAL HEALTH AMONG MCPHERSON UNIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATES OGUN STATE2025-09-06T08:18:53+00:00Buhari Rasheedburrysim@yahoo.com<p><em>This study examined the psychological effects of prank-based of social media content on Nigerian viewers, exploring its dual role as entertainment and a potential mental health concern. Using a quantitative types of research with survey approach and questionnaire as an instrument of data collection, data were collected from 397 social media users, predominantly young, educated students, via structured questionnaires. Findings reveal that respondents find prank videos amusing, experience anxiety or emotional distress, with noting risks of desensitization to real-life distress and reporting reduced trust in social interactions. Study further revealed that the use pranks for stress relief, though respondents only view them as comparable to other relaxation methods. Cultural values significantly shape perceptions, with an evidence of opposing public humiliation pranks and significant number of respondents supporting regulation of harmful content. Grounded in Uses and Gratifications and Affective Disposition theories, the study highlights Nigeria’s cultural emphasis on respect as a key moderator of viewer reactions. Despite limitations such as a youth-heavy sample and cross-sectional design, the findings contribute empirical evidence to the global discourse on social media’s mental health impacts, advocating for ethical content creation and platform policies to mitigate harm while preserving pranks’ entertainment value in Nigeria’s digital landscape.</em></p> <p><strong> </strong></p>2025-10-16T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Media and Mass Communication (IJMMC)https://journals.gulfuniversity.org/index.php/ijmmc/article/view/268Exploring Consumer Behavior in the Metaverse: Current Insights and Future Directions 2025-08-04T14:20:49+00:00Maryam Jumamaryam.juma@gulfuniversity.edu.bhAsma MalallahAsmamalallah17@gmail.comAbu Bashardr.abu.bashar@gulfuniversity.edu.bh<p><span class="TextRun SCXW49817998 BCX4" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW49817998 BCX4">The metaverse, a virtual shared space blending physical and digital realities, is fundamentally transforming consumer behavior by introducing unprecedented modes of engagement. As businesses increasingly adopt metaverse platforms for marketing, social interaction, and commerce, understanding consumer behavior in these immersive environments has become critical for strategic decision-making. This review synthesizes existing research on metaverse-driven consumer behavior, </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW49817998 BCX4">identifying</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW49817998 BCX4"> key themes such as virtual identity formation, digital ownership (e.g., NFTs), social influence dynamics, and experiential immersion. Additionally, we explore </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW49817998 BCX4">emerging</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW49817998 BCX4"> challenges, including privacy concerns, digital addiction, and cross-platform interoperability issues, which shape user adoption and retention. To advance scholarly and practical understanding, we propose a conceptual model integrating psychological (e.g., self-expression motives), technological (e.g., VR/AR usability), and social (e.g., community norms) factors that collectively influence metaverse consumption patterns. This framework aims to guide future empirical research and help businesses tailor engagement strategies in this rapidly evolving digital landscape.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXW49817998 BCX4" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":6,"335551620":6,"335559740":360}"> </span></p> <p><span class="EOP SCXW49817998 BCX4" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":6,"335551620":6,"335559740":360}"><span class="TextRun SCXW113641246 BCX4" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW113641246 BCX4">Keywords: Metaverse, consumer behavior, digital ownership, virtual identity, immersive experiences.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXW113641246 BCX4" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":6,"335551620":6,"335559740":360}"> </span></span></p>2025-10-16T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Media and Mass Communication (IJMMC)https://journals.gulfuniversity.org/index.php/ijmmc/article/view/258دوافع انتشار المعلومات المضللة والخاطئة عبر وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي أثناء جائحة كوفيد-19: دراسة تحليلية واستطلاعية على عينة من المهنيين السودانيين2025-07-23T08:11:35+00:00Elsir Ali Saad Mohameddrelsir.ali@uaqu.ac.ae<p>أدت جائحة كوفيد-19 إلى تدفق غير مسبوق للمعلومات عبر المنصات الرقمية، تزامنًا مع ندرة البيانات العلمية الدقيقة في المراحل الأولى للأزمة ، مما خلق بيئة خصبة لانتشار المعلومات الخاطئة والمضللة. وقد وثقت منظمة الصحة العالمية والعديد من الدراسات الأكاديمية ظاهرة "وباء المعلومات" (Infodemic) وتأثيرها على الصحة العامة.</p> <p>تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل أشكال وأنواع المعلومات المضللة، واستكشاف الدوافع الكامنة وراء ظهورها وانتشارها، بالإضافة إلى رصد علاقتها بتدفق المعلومات الرسمية، وتأثيرها على سلوكيات الجمهور وصناع القرار.</p> <p>اعتمد البحث على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي باستخدام استبيان إلكتروني موزع على عينة قصدية مكونة من 102 متخصصًا (أكاديميين، صحفيين، أطباء، ونشطاء على وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي) في السودان. تم جمع البيانات خلال الفترة من يناير إلى مارس 2025.</p> <p> أظهرت النتائج أن 79.4% من المشاركين يرون أن انتشار الأخبار الزائفة يرتبط بدوافع جذب الانتباه وتحقيق مكاسب شخصية أو تجارية. وكشف الاستبيان أن الدوافع الرئيسية لانتشار الأخبار المضللة كانت: جذب الانتباه (40.2%)، السبق الصحفي (23.5%)، والترفيه (17.6%). كما تصدرت ندرة المعلومات (42.2%) قائمة الأسباب التي تسهم في انتشار الأخبار الكاذبة. وكانت الأخبار المتعلقة بطرق الوقاية الأكثر تداولًا (30.4%). وأشار 27% من المشاركين إلى اعتمادهم على وسائل الإعلام التقليدية كمصدر رئيسي للمعلومات.</p> <p> خلصت الدراسة إلى أن جائحة كوفيد-19 مثلت بيئة خصبة لانتشار المعلومات الخاطئة والمضللة نتيجة لندرة المعلومات الرسمية وتزايد الاعتماد على وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي. وتؤكد النتائج على أهمية تعزيز ثقافة التربية الإعلامية والوعي الرقمي للحد من تأثير المعلومات الكاذبة، بالإضافة إلى توظيف تقنيات الذكاء الاصطناعي في التحقق من المحتوى على المنصات الاجتماعية.</p>2025-10-16T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Media and Mass Communication (IJMMC)https://journals.gulfuniversity.org/index.php/ijmmc/article/view/279Public Knowledge and Attitude Towards News Misinformation on Social Media Platforms in Nigeria2025-10-11T14:09:17+00:00Ogbemudia Michaelogbemudia.michael@elizadeuniversity.edu.ngEmmanuel Olumujiolumuji.emmanuel@oouagoiwoye.edu.ngEniola Akinwumieniola.akinwumipgs@stu.cu.edu.ngClement Okuhokuh.c@dui.edu.ng<p>Misinformation has become one of the scourges that smear online news consumption, especially on social media. The emergence of this disorder has raised several conversations on management control and ways to sanitise the online space to accommodate more credible information. This study was carried out to examine the knowledge of social media about misinformation, and what they do with materials bearing falsehood online. In order to answer the four research questions that guide this study, the survey method was employed through the use on Google doc online questionnaire with were designed to elicit response from 425 respondents who were mainly media practitioners, scholars, mass communication students from about six higher institutions. The selection followed the principle of judgement sapling, which allows the researchers to selected samples based on their professional judgement and certain characteristics of the sample. The instruments consist of the 5-point Likert scale and close-ended questions. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics and results were presented in simple tables and charts. The findings reveal that social media platforms in Nigeria, bear a lot of misinformation, about 97.2% claim they regularly see contents that misinform, 95.9% agreed that such is very regular on social media. Blogs, online forums and social network sites have been mostly indicted for carrying misinformation the most. While contents on celebrities, politics, gossips account for the subject bearing misinformation the most. To know what users do with misinformation materials, 215 of the sample verify the information, while about 160 of the respondents claim many do not know what constitute misinformation. However, some respondents ignore, about 130 say they blacklist the platform. Strict sanctions were recommended among ither suggestions.</p> <p> </p> <p>KEYWORDS: Digital Literacy, Information Disorders, Misinformation, Social Media, User Knowledge</p>2025-10-16T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Media and Mass Communication (IJMMC)https://journals.gulfuniversity.org/index.php/ijmmc/article/view/274التنمر الالكتروني وعلاقته بمستوى تقدير الذات لدى المراهقين في مملكة البحرين2025-09-16T07:45:20+00:00Fatema Aseerifatima.aseeri@gmail.com<p>أفرز التطور التكنولوجي في مجال الاتصالات الرقمية أنماطًا جديدة من التفاعل الاجتماعي، هذا التحول في أدوات التواصل لم يقتصر على البعد التقني فحسب، بل امتد ليؤثر في البنية الاجتماعية، وفي إطار ذلك يمكن الاقتراب من العديد من المشكلات والظواهر الإعلامية التي نشأت إثر استخدام المنصات الرقمية المتمثلة في مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي، كالتنمر الالكتروني والمضايقات الالكترونية، لا سيما بين فئات المراهقين.</p> <p>هدفت الدراسة إلى رصد العلاقة بين التعرض للتنمر الالكتروني ومستوى تقدير الذات لدى المراهقين في مملكة البحرين، ومعرفة الفروق بين المتعرضين للتنمر الالكتروني وفقًا للمتغيرات الديمغرافية، بالإضافة إلى الكشف عن الآثار المترتبة على ذلك. ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة تم حصر مجتمع الدراسة في جميع المراهقين البحرينيين الواقعين ضمن الفئة العمرية من 12 إلى 16عامًا (ذكورًا وإناثًا) وتنطبق عليهم إجراءات الفحص المدرسي للمدارس الحكومية للمرحلتين الإعدادية والثانوية في مراكز الرعاية الصحية الأولية في مملكة البحرين، وتضمنت الدراسة أداتين بحثيتين، تمثلت الأداة الأولى في <strong>استبيان</strong> يغطي الجوانب المتعلقة بالتنمر الإلكتروني، أما الأداة الثانية فتمثلت في مقياس (تقدير الذات) للدكتور فاروق عبد الفتاح والدكتور محمد دسوقي، والمقتبس من مقياس (كوبر سميث) لتقدير الذات، وتم سحب عينة قوامها 126 وفقًا للطريقة العشوائية الطبقية.</p> <p>توصلت أهم نتائج الدراسة إلى أن معدلات التنمر الالكتروني الذي يتعرض له المراهقين في مملكة البحرين ليست مرتفعة، إلا أنها في حالة ازدياد مع مرور الوقت، كما أظهرت النتائج أن شيوع التنمر الالكتروني بين الذكور بنسبة أعلى مقارنة بالإناث، وأن المتنمرين الالكترونيين يستهدفون المختلف عنهم في المظهر أو العرق أو العقيدة أو الخلفية الثقافية، وكشفت الدراسة أن (العصبية والغضب) هي في مقدمة الاستجابات النفسية الناجمة عن تعرض المراهقين للتنمر الالكتروني، كما أثبتت النتائج وجود علاقة ارتباطية عكسية بين التعرض للتنمر الالكتروني وانخفاض تقدير الذات لدى المراهقين في مملكة البحرين.</p>2025-10-16T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Media and Mass Communication (IJMMC)https://journals.gulfuniversity.org/index.php/ijmmc/article/view/270تأثير وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي على التماسك الاجتماعي في السودان دراسة وصفية تحليلية باستخدام أداة رادار التماسك الاجتماعي في الفترة من (2023 – 2025)2025-08-09T15:58:38+00:00Elmahdi Suleiman delmahdi@gmail.comMohamed Shieakaldeenmohamedsheikhedin267@gmail.com<ol> <li><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">ساهم هذا البحث في المساهمة في تطوير التواصل الاجتماعي على الدعامة الاجتماعية في السودان خلال الفترة من أبريل 2023 إلى يوليو 2025، في المؤتمر المسجل والمدعم بالمؤسسات الرسمية الخاصة بالبنية الاجتماعية.</span></span></span></li> </ol> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">تعتمد الدراسة على منهج وصفي تحليلي، مستخدم أداة "رادار الدعوة الاجتماعية" كإطار تحليلي مؤشرات الثقة، والانتماء، والتضامن، والمشاركة الاجتماعية، واعتمدت على استبانة مكوّنة من مقياس ليكرت، جُمعت من مستخدمي وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي في السودان وخارجه. كما استندت إلى مراجعة الأدبيات والدراسات المحتملة ذات الصلة.</span></span></span></p> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">تشير النتائج إلى أن وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي جزء جزئيًا؛ فهي تساهم في تعزيز التضامن، ويمثل الدعم أثناء ذلك، وفي الوقت نفسه، يستمر في الانتشار الاجتماعي الرقمي وتزايد خطابات الكارهة وتراجع مستويات الثقة بين الأفراد والأفراد. كما تشمل دور الانتماء الوطني المجمع الانتماءات الجهوية والعرقية، إلى جزء كامل من المشاركة المدنية على المنصات الرقمية حيث يغلب الفنان البرازيلي غير الوطني.</span></span></span></p> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">السبب الدراسة أختراع تربوية تنظيمية بسبب تأثير الخطاب السلبي، والاستخدام المسؤول لوسائل التواصل الاجتماعي الرقمية كأداة إنشاء الدعوة الاجتماعية. كما تقترح تأسيس "رادار الدعوة الاجتماعية" كأداة لتحليل المجتمع ابتداءً من قبل المبدعين والباحثين والمنظمات المدنية.</span></span></span></p> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">الكلمات المفتاحية : التأثير – وسائل التواصل الاجتماعية – الوظيفة الاجتماعية – رادار الوظيفة الاجتماعية</span></span></span></p>2025-10-16T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Media and Mass Communication (IJMMC)https://journals.gulfuniversity.org/index.php/ijmmc/article/view/267الأمن السيبراني وتأثيره على العلاقات الدولية المعاصرة: التحديات والاستراتيجيات2025-08-02T16:13:45+00:00Saleh Alracheddrsaleh.alrached@uaqu.ac.ae<p>أضحى الأمن السيبراني من أبرز القضايا الحيوية في العصر الرقمي الراهن، نتيجة للتطور التكنولوجي المتسارع والاعتماد المتزايد على الإنترنت والتقنيات الرقمية في مختلف المجالات، فقد تحول الفضاء السيبراني إلى ساحة جديدة للتفاعلات والصراعات الدولية، تؤثر بشكل مباشر في الأمن الوطني والاقتصادي للدول، ونتيجة للطبيعة العابرة للحدود للهجمات السيبرانية، تواجه الدول تحديات غير تقليدية تتضمن اختراق البنى التحتية الحيوية، والتجسس الإلكتروني، والتدخل في النظم السياسية والاقتصادية.</p> <p>في هذا السياق، أصبح التعاون الدولي ضرورة ملحّة لمجابهة هذه التهديدات المتصاعدة، والحفاظ على الاستقرار العالمي، فالهجمات السيبرانية لا تقتصر آثارها على الداخل، بل قد تؤدي إلى تصعيد التوترات بين الدول، لا سيما إذا استهدفت أنظمة حيوية أو مؤسسات استراتيجية، مما قد يؤثر سلبًا على العلاقات الدبلوماسية وربما يؤدي إلى أزمات أو صراعات مفتوحة.</p> <p>وبناءً على ذلك، بات الأمن السيبراني جزءًا لا يتجزأ من استراتيجيات الأمن القومي والدولي، خاصة مع توسع استخدام تقنيات الذكاء الاصطناعي، والحوسبة السحابية، وإنترنت الأشياء، التي تقدم منافع اقتصادية وإدارية، لكنها تفتح في الوقت نفسه آفاقًا جديدة للتهديدات الإلكترونية.</p> <p>يهدف هذا البحث إلى تحليل تأثير الأمن السيبراني على العلاقات الدولية من خلال وضع إطارًا تحليليًا متكاملًا يتجاوز المقاربات التقنية البحتة، ويُسهم في بناء فهم أعمق لصيغ التعاون والصراع في الفضاء السيبراني ، بهدف ضمان أمن الفضاء الرقمي وتعزيز الاستقرار في العلاقات الدولية.</p>2025-10-16T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Media and Mass Communication (IJMMC)https://journals.gulfuniversity.org/index.php/ijmmc/article/view/247The Role of Social Media Platforms in Promoting Positive Public Behavior Toward Animals: A Field Study2025-06-25T13:07:41+00:00Dr. Abdulla A.Rahimacademydr2@gmail.com<p>The study aimed to investigate the role of social media platforms in promoting positive behavior towards animals among the public. The study examined the extent to which content published on social media affects individuals' awareness and interests in animal rights and care. The study employed the survey method, using an electronic questionnaire as a data collection tool. A sample of 206 respondents was surveyed, comprising diverse groups in terms of age, educational level, and occupation. The study yielded a set of results, the most significant of which is the lack of follow-up to pages specialized in animal rights and welfare, indicating low awareness or a lack of interest in the content published on animal rights and welfare. The positive impact of social media on awareness of animal rights, and the possibility of utilizing it as a means of promoting awareness. The significant role that social media plays in promoting positive behavior towards animals is that exposure to positive content on social media can promote positive behaviors towards animals. The study concluded with a set of recommendations, the most important of which are the use of visual content such as photos and videos through social media, posting on the most used platforms such as TikTok and Instagram for broader reach, launching awareness campaigns to promote interest in the issue, and encouraging concrete actions such as volunteering and financial support by Simplifying the process, and focusing on enhancing transparency and trust.</p>2025-06-25T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Media and Mass Communication (IJMMC)https://journals.gulfuniversity.org/index.php/ijmmc/article/view/248Educate Journalism in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: An Analytical Study Considering the Disruptive Innovation Theory2025-06-25T13:17:58+00:00Prof. Dr. Hosni Mohamed Nasrhosnin@squ.edu.om<p>This study examines the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on journalism education, drawing on the theory of disruptive innovation. While journalism has historically evolved in tandem with technological progress, the rapid integration of AI into media workflows introduces a paradigm shift that redefines news production, audience engagement, and professional standards. This technological disruption demands a reconfiguration of journalism curricula, necessitating a balance between foundational journalistic principles and emerging digital competencies.<br>Grounded in the theory of disruptive innovation, which posits that novel technologies can fundamentally alter established industries, this study argues that journalism education institutions must proactively adapt or risk becoming obsolete. Applying this lens to journalism education underscores the need for curricular reform to reflect the realities of an AI-driven media landscape.<br>Through a qualitative, second-level analysis of recent scholarly literature, the study examines the evolving role of AI in journalism. Key developments include automated content generation, algorithmic fact-checking, and personalized news delivery. Despite these shifts, limited attention has been given to the pedagogical implications of AI within the journalism educational gap that this research aims to address.<br>The findings reveal several pressing challenges, including insufficient infrastructure, lack of faculty expertise in AI tools, and unresolved ethical concerns regarding machine-generated content. To address these issues, the study recommends the strategic integration of AI into journalism programs, investment in faculty development, and stronger partnerships with media organizations.<br>Ultimately, the paper contends that embracing AI in journalism education not only enhances student preparedness for the digital newsroom but also catalyzes innovation, particularly in media ecosystems across developing regions. Future trajectories in journalism education will likely be defined by adaptive, AI-integrated pedagogies that redefine the role and skill set of the next generation of journalists.</p>2025-06-25T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Media and Mass Communication (IJMMC)https://journals.gulfuniversity.org/index.php/ijmmc/article/view/249Ways to combat the phenomenon of cyberbullying among Jeddah University students from their perspective.2025-06-25T13:21:41+00:00Dr. Magid Diab Alzubair Diabmddiab@uj.edu.sa<p>The current study aimed to identify ways to confront the phenomenon of cyberbullying from the point of view of male and female students at the University of Jeddah. The study sample consisted of 28 male and female students, representatives of the original study population, which numbered 26,444 male and female students according to the latest statistics. The study employed a descriptive analytical approach, utilizing a questionnaire as the primary tool for collecting information and monitoring. Results of applying the questionnaire: The researchers employed methods of frequency and percentage, in addition to the arithmetic mean. The study concluded that cyberbullying is a common problem among students at the University of Jeddah, as the majority of the sample members were exposed to verbal assault over the Internet, and that social isolation is one of the most harmful effects of cyberbullying. It also showed that one of the most important Ways to confront this phenomenon includes talking to someone you trust. The study recommended the need for further research on the phenomenon of cyberbullying in order to better understand it and develop effective ways to address it.</p>2025-06-25T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Media and Mass Communication (IJMMC)https://journals.gulfuniversity.org/index.php/ijmmc/article/view/250Artificial Intelligence and Its Role in Protecting Youth from Extremism and Terrorism: A Review of International Reports2025-06-25T13:25:48+00:00Dr. Abdessamad Mouteiamoutei@gmail.com<p>This research examines the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in safeguarding young people from extremism and terrorism. It examines how terrorist groups utilize this technology to achieve their objectives, while also emphasizing the importance of employing AI as a powerful tool for monitoring concerning activities and behaviors online. This approach helps identify individuals at risk and promotes human values and critical thinking. The research highlights the importance of comprehensive strategies that encompass education, international collaboration, and psychological support. Ultimately, the study provides recommendations for developing educational programs and fostering intercultural dialogue to create a safe environment for young people.</p>2025-06-25T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Media and Mass Communication (IJMMC)https://journals.gulfuniversity.org/index.php/ijmmc/article/view/251Reliance of faculty members at the University of Bahrain on social media for obtaining political information2025-06-25T13:31:50+00:00Mariam Fekri220107100078@gulfuniversity.edu.bhDr. Sherif Badrancmt.dean@gulfuniversity.edu.bh<p>The research titled "Reliance of Faculty Members at the University of Bahrain on Social Media for Obtaining Political Information" delves into the profound impact of social media on academic professionals. This study aims to systematically investigate the extent to which faculty members utilize these platforms as a primary source for political information and to analyze how this reliance influences their academic performance. Employing a descriptive analytical methodology, data were collected from a random sample of faculty members, providing a comprehensive overview of their social media engagement. The findings reveal that a significant majority of participants dedicate between two to four hours daily to social media, with Facebook emerging as the preferred platform for political discourse. Notably, political analyses were identified as the most sought-after type of information. However, concerns were raised regarding the credibility of the information accessed, with participants highlighting the prevalence of misleading content. In light of these findings, the study highlights the urgent need to increase awareness about the credibility of online political information. It also advocates for further research to explore the implications of social media reliance on academic performance and the broader educational landscape. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on the intersection of social media, politics, and education, offering valuable insights for academics and policymakers alike.</p>2025-06-25T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Media and Mass Communication (IJMMC)https://journals.gulfuniversity.org/index.php/ijmmc/article/view/252Utilizing the Interactivity of Social Media in Political Communication of the Iraqi Government and Parliament Websites2025-06-25T13:36:40+00:00Dr. Hussein Ismail Haddadhusseinhaddad@utq.edu.iq<p>The present study aims to explore the extent to which the government discourse interacts with the public within the political communication environment in Iraq, which has witnessed democratic transformations in its communication and political systems. The degree of interaction involved in the political communication process, in light of modern technology, was examined through a selected sample representing the websites of the largest government institutions concerned with communication in Iraq: the central government's website and the Iraqi parliament's website. For the purpose of the study, the focus was exclusively on the interactive response shown by political communicators to user comments, given the importance of providing indicators of interest and positive interaction by government institutions in their relationships with society and in achieving the effectiveness of political communication in emerging democracies. The analytical sample was limited to three social networking sites available on the websites of the Iraqi government and parliament: Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube. Interactions were monitored during the period of April 2022. The quantitative method of content analysis was employed to reveal the level of interactions by the political communicator, complemented by a thematic analysis of the users' comments. The results showed a lack of interest and interaction on the part of those government websites in responding to comments or opinions published by the public, revealing that the pattern of the top-down communication model still dominates the mentality of political communicators in new democracies.</p>2025-06-25T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Media and Mass Communication (IJMMC)https://journals.gulfuniversity.org/index.php/ijmmc/article/view/253Exploring E-Impulse Buying through Promotional Strategies2025-06-25T13:40:45+00:00Abu Bashardr.abu.bashar@gulfuniversity.edu.bh<p>E-Impulse buying i.e. a sudden urge to buy online product without any prior planning is showing an imperative facet to understand the online shopping behavior. This paper examines the role of promotional activities used by online retailers in urging e-impulse buying.<br>CIT in the form of mailed questionnaire is used to collect the data at university level and then statement analysis has been done to get the idea about categories of promotional strategies influencing e-impulse buying further influence online shoppers’ experiences and their repurchase decisions.<br>The study suggests a significant role of promotional activities in e-impulse buying. Categories for the identified promotional activities are also suggested along with the gender analysis of the responses of online shoppers. This study also indicates that male respondents show more positive responses for the e-impulse buying and repurchase decisions in comparison to the female respondents.<br>The paper identifies interesting role of promotional activities used by online retailers in e-impulse buying and also conclude the gender wise analysis of their buying experiences and re-purchase decisions.<br>Contributions of this study in examining the role of promotional activities used by online retailers in E-Impulse Buying. These papers proposes a gender wise analysis of online shoppers’ responses in terms of their experiences and re-purchase decisions in the context of e-impulse buying and also indicates categories of promotional activities that urge to e-impulse buying.</p>2025-06-25T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Media and Mass Communication (IJMMC)